A Bad QR Code

1. Phishing Login Pages

• Example: A QR code that links to a fake Microsoft login page.
• Worst-Case Scenario: The user is prompted to enter their credentials, which are then stolen by attackers. This is especially dangerous if users reuse passwords or if this account has sensitive information or admin privileges.
• Real-World Consequence: Stolen login credentials could lead to unauthorized access to company systems, sensitive data, and even full corporate account takeovers.

2. Malware Installation Links

• Example: A QR code that links to a page prompting users to download an “urgent update” or “security software.”
• Worst-Case Scenario: The download is actually malware, which can infect mobile devices or computers, leading to data breaches, ransomware, or even surveillance of user activity.
• Real-World Consequence: Corporate espionage, device lockouts due to ransomware, or access to sensitive customer or internal information.

3. Banking Fraud

• Example: A QR code that directs users to a fake banking or payment portal.
• Worst-Case Scenario: Users believe they’re logging into their bank or payment account but are actually giving their credentials to attackers, who can then drain accounts or access financial information.
• Real-World Consequence: Financial loss, especially in businesses with high-balance accounts, and significant recovery costs.

4. Social Media or Email Account Compromise

• Example: A QR code that directs to a phishing page for social media or email logins.
• Worst-Case Scenario: Attackers gain control of a user’s email or social media accounts, which can be used to spread further phishing attacks or access sensitive email data.
• Real-World Consequence: Reputation damage, unauthorized messages to contacts, or attackers accessing stored account passwords via email.

5. Hidden Costs and Premium SMS

• Example: A QR code link that causes the device to send a premium-rate SMS.
• Worst-Case Scenario: The user doesn’t realize they’re being charged per text, leading to unexpected charges or even financial losses on corporate phone plans.
• Real-World Consequence: Financial repercussions from accumulating charges, often without users realizing the source.

6. Redirects to Malicious Websites

• Example: A QR code that redirects users through multiple links, masking the final destination.
• Worst-Case Scenario: Users end up on a malicious site that collects their data, tracks them, or attempts to infect their devices with malware.
• Real-World Consequence: Device vulnerability, exposure to malicious ads or trackers, and potential compromise of browsing history.

7. Wi-Fi Network Compromise

• Example: A QR code with Wi-Fi connection instructions that connects users to a rogue network.
• Worst-Case Scenario: Once connected to the rogue network, attackers can intercept and monitor internet traffic, capturing sensitive data.
• Real-World Consequence: Loss of privacy, exposure of sensitive company information, and interception of passwords, emails, or financial transactions.

Key Takeaways for Users

• Verify the Link: Hover over the link preview to check for any suspicious domains before proceeding.
• Be Cautious with Permissions: If a QR code requests access to your device’s files, location, or other sensitive information, think twice.
• Avoid Inputting Credentials: Avoid entering passwords or sensitive data unless you’re 100% sure of the link’s legitimacy.
• Look for HTTPS: A secure link should have HTTPS, but even this can be spoofed—always verify the site itself.